Nutrients
Unsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acids with one or more double bonds in the structure. Can be divided into monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Valine
Amino acid. Essential. Code: Val, V.
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Vanadium
Trace element. Symbol: V.
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Vitamin A, retinol
Scope: eyes, skin, mucous membranes, immune system, reproduction, antioxidant
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Vitamin B, obsolete
These are substances that in the past were counted as B vitamins, but for various reasons this turned out to be unjustified.
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Vitamin B1, thiamine
scope: acts on nerves, nerve conduction by acethylcholine, energy production and conversion of CH
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Vitamin B11, folate, folic acid
folic acid is a combination of pteridine, PABA and glutamic acid. Occurs as folate in food, folic acid is synthetic form. In Germany and the US, this vitamin is called…
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Vitamin B12, cobalamin
Scope: blood production, heme synthesis; nerve sheath; DNA synthesis; cell growth and cell replication; breakdown of proteins; metabolism of certain proteins and fatty acids; methyl donor
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Vitamin B2, riboflavin, lactoflavin
Scope: CH, fat and protein metabolism, energy production in cell, fatty acids, eyes, skin and mucous membranes, as part of various enzymes involved in cell metabolism, FAD and FMN; haem…
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Vitamin B3, nicotinamide, niacin
Scope: B3 assists in all processes involved in breaking down and using CH, fats and proteins; as part / precursor of coenzyme NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleatide) and NADP +…
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Vitamin B5, pantothenic acid
Scope: part of coenzyme-A (CoA) and important in the metabolism of CH, proteins and fats in the broadest sense of the word; involved in at least 70 enzymatic processes; tremendous…
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Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
Scope of action: protein metabolism, cell division, formation of neurotransmitters, red blood cells and formation of prostaglandins. Important for the hormonal balance and the immune system; homocysteine conversion; glycogen breakdown…
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Vitamin B8 (B7), biotin
Scope: skin, nails and hair; sulphurous; metabolism CH (including gluconeogenesis) and FA; protein breakdown; DNA and RNA production.
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Vitamin C, ascorbic acid
Scope: connective tissue, immune system, co-factor, antioxidant, H-ion donor in many processes, neurotransmitters.
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Vitamin D2 and D3, ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol
Scope: large number of functions, from coenzyme to hormone; effects bones, teeth, immune system, genes.
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Vitamin E, (alpha-)tocopherol
Scope: non-specific antioxidant in various tissues, such as cell wall; anti-oxidative effect in fats and cholesterol, but also in vit. A, carotene and other fat soluble substances; Vit. E is…
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Vitamin K1 phylloquinone, K2, menoquinone, K3, menadione
K₃ 2x as active as other forms. Main scope: blood clotting and bone formation
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Vitamins
A vitamin is a micronutrient which is essential for the proper functioning of a living being. Vita means life, while amine is a specific type of molecule. A vitamin therefore…
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